Is The Real Psychology Behind Bullying - 1683 Words

Introduction: Bullying has been a huge part of a student’s life since school began in the 12th century, maybe even before. But, what creates bullies? For many years it has been thought of that bullies were students with low self-esteem. However, new information has shown up showing that bullies tend to be the ones with the highest self-esteem and are the most popular students and are living a great life with no large problems. So, what is the real psychology behind bullying? Why does this continue? The answer is simple, bullying affects students giving them a lower self-esteem, less confidence, and even thoughts of suicide. Bullies are a their own breed of people as their brains have been wired differently. It has not only been shown to have effects physically, but also mentally. Background: So, why does this need to be researched? How does this affect the life of humans? Simply put, the reactions to bullying needs to be researched because it is the only way to protect the future generations and keep them in the right mental state and make sure the world does not lose any possible great minds to a child who thinks they are just having fun when putting down other people. By researching the reactions of bullying one can determine how to fix the situations by making the students, parents, and the general public have a better reaction to bullying that occurs within the community. Another reason that bullying needs to researched is that bullying has many risks â€Å"For example,Show MoreRelatedSocial Control And Criminal Deviance820 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Control and Criminal Deviance: Bullying Darryl Gennie Professor Catherine Terry SOC 100 Augusta 17 August 2015 Strayer University The most important step needed to analyze bullying is to review the existing knowledge. The literature review is a critical look at the existing research that is significant to the work you are trying prove including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodical contributions to a particular topic. Get the facts and review them thoroughlyRead More The Dangers of Social Media Essay908 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom real life interaction and have found a safe haven behind a computer screen. Here, they feel that they can be whoever they want to be and say whatever they want to say. While this can have some benefits, the cons outweigh the pros. It is no coincidence that in the last five decades, suicide rates have increased by 60% around the world (World Health Organization). It is likely that technology and social media have influenced this number, especially just within the last 10 years. Bullying is aRead MoreCyberbullying Is A Common Than Traditional Bullying Essay137 4 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Bullying? â€Å"Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance† (Stopbullying.gov). Bullying can include making threats to someone to scare them, spreading false rumors about someone, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose. The bullies, the ones who are bullied, and the bystanders are all victims, specifically teenagers. Females are more vulnerable to bullies because they areRead MorePreventing Cyber-Bullying And Trolling1547 Words   |  7 Pagesfateful and heartbreaking Facebook status would follow (Cloud). Unfortunately, stories like Tyler’s have become more common as bullying has made the leap from the playground to the massive new world of social media. With forty percent of teenagers using social media claiming they have been cyber bullied at least once (Billitteri â€Å"Cyberbullying†), the trend of tee nage bullying through social media has become harder to ignore. The anonymity of online profiles has contributed to the rise of cyberbullyingRead MoreThe Role Of Professional And Ethical Codes1499 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment 1 Introduction In the field of psychology, from the initial meeting to the final step of treatment the role of professional and ethical codes is important. There are numerous professional and ethical issues that could potentially arise in various psychological settings. Due to this, regulations have been implemented to guide psychologists’ actions when these issues occur; these include codes from the Australian Psychological Society (APS), the Australian Counselling Association (ACA)Read MoreTaking a Look at Cyberbullying1105 Words   |  4 Pagescalled a â€Å"slut† and a â€Å"whore† online. Throughout the use of social media, teens are potentially susceptible to become victims of cyber-bullying, and the drama that rises from it could work as a catalyst in the development of psychological traumas. To help the prevention of bullying, parents and schools must work hand in hand in this issue by incorporating anti-bullying education in their curriculums, and establishing a chann el of communication and trust between adults and teens. The Centers for DiseaseRead MoreThe Deeper Meanings that Lies in Fairy Tales1121 Words   |  5 PagesThis tale illustrated the importance of fantasy as well as adventure. Suval also uses Cinderella as a great example, which signifies personal growth and transformation. In conclusion of Lauren Suval, she states that fairy tales all have a meaning behind them that represents us if is fantasy or even a growth that isnt physical. Another idea is by Carrie Hughes, who says there are deeper meanings that lie in fairy tales. These fairy tales have psychological aspects such as, Freuds suspicions thatRead MoreThe Relationship Between Bullying And Peer Relationship1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relationship Between Bullying and Peer Relationship In Middle Childhood Bullying is an unfortunate issue that many children face every day. When people think about bullying many imagine something like this; one child yelling at another to get his or her attention. Also, another scenario would be a child being bullied for their lunch or lunch money. However, today’s bullying issues have become much more severe. Unfortunately, today’s bullying antics could easily lead to physical and psychologicalRead MoreAsperger Syndrome : A Neurological Disorder Associated With Autism1341 Words   |  6 Pagesvictims of bullying. Asperger syndrome:In criminal law, assault may refer to a verbal threat of violence, whereas battery refers to the actual violence. Most jurisdictions in the United States define assault as an attempt to cause, or actually causing, bodily injury. Some states expand this definition to include an attempt to menace someone by putting a person in fear of imminent injury. Assault is also defined as unwanted physical contact or unwanted sexual advances. Bullying: In generalRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to some research Pre-adolescents and adolescents tend to be a target to cyberbullying. As reported by to young studies Australia December 2004 article â€Å"Cyber-bullying Common among students† wrote by Sheila Alison, explains how experts conclude that cyber bullying is potentially more destructive than face to face bullying because it could reach a large audience and remove the safety factor of being at home(Alison, Sheila). Is important to remark that some of this cyberbullying event aren’t

The Puritan Influence in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel...

The Puritan Influence in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† (repr. in Thomas R. Arp, and Greg Johnson, Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, 8th ed. [Fort Worth: Harcourt, 2002] 316) is a short story with strong Puritan influence. Puritanism is a religion demanding strict moral conduct and strong faith. Puritans held that Christians should do only what the Bible commanded. Analyzing â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is dependant upon understanding the Puritan faith. The influence of the Puritan religion is vivid in literary elements such as setting, allegory, and theme. The primary setting of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is the forest. The Puritans believed that the woods were evil†¦show more content†¦This statement helps show the strong conviction of the Puritans. The other setting of the story is Salem Village. Salem Village is historically most famous for the controversial Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Trials were sparked by the political motives and imaginations of the townspeople. Many Puritans were sentenced to death for suspicion of witchcraft. The Salem Witch Trials also contributed to the taboo feeling of the forest. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is full of allegorical content relating to the Puritan religion. The names of the characters in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† are the most profound examples of allegory influenced by Puritanism. The protagonist, Goodman Brown, has a name that suggests far more than just a name. â€Å"Goodman Brown† for example, is a name that presents the character as a good moralistic man that at all costs resists temptation. Goodman Brown’s wife, Faith, has a name that assists in illustrating the downfall of Goodman Brown. After seeing Faith in the forest, Goodman Brown cries, â€Å"My Faith is gone!†(323). His wife, Faith was gone along with his spiritual faith. We first see Goodman Brown as a moral Puritan man, and after loosing his faith he becomes the opposite. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† has a theme of Puritan nature as well. People often dwell on life’s uncertainties so much that they loose the ability to enjoy life. Goodman Brown had a curiosity that made him travel into the wickedShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthornes Literature During Early America1560 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes literature exhibits the influence of many factors. Much of his literature addresses Puritan culture in early America, commonly focusing on the shortcomings and hypocrisies that became apparent during the numerous witch hunts. Many of his works are allegorical, using the Puritan setting to portray his own ideas about ancestry, history, and religion. While The Scarlet Letter and House of the Seven Gables are among Hawthornes most known works, he produced a large sum of workRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbol ism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesa great author, but none more intriguing than Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne’s ability to weave stories through the use of complex language and early puritan society narratives has long been a topic of study amongst scholars and young adults, alike. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† explores the idea of good vs. evil and draws many parallels to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is often debated whether man is born innately good or evil. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† it is possible to see Hawthorne’s stance on thisRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown847 Words   |  4 PagesFaith is a word often used to describe the trust that one has in God; as expressed in a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† In Young Goodman Brown, one of Hawthorne’s biggest themes is faith. Hawthorne wrote this story to illustrations how temptation and the views of others can influence the way an individual lives. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† takes place in the 1800s during the time of the Salem Witch Trials; where emphasis was positioned on the strict moral rules and the searchRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead More Essay on Faith in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown710 Words   |  3 PagesFaith in Young Goodman Brown  Ã‚        Ã‚   For those who have not studied the Puritans or their beliefs, Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown is not much more than a story of lost (or maybe just confused) faith. Hawthone, a man of puritan descent, had some oppositions to the ideals that Puritans followed. Some of these ideals are discussed in his Young Goodman Brown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The basic impression that most people have of Puritans describes them as dour, irascible, self-righteousRead More Young Goodman Brown Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagesmain theme of the Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, â€Å" Young Goodman Brown,† is the struggle between Goodman Brown’s faith, power to resist his own evil impulses and his own doubts within him. It is a story of Young Goodman Brown’s personal conflict over his inner desires and its greater meaning conflict between good and evil in the world. The characteristics of Young Goodman Brown are similar to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne had his own doubts about his own Puritan life and beliefs. ThereRead MoreSymbols and Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pageseternity. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, reveals a similar resemblance of the Biblical inherent evil among man, through a disturbing dream of a young Puritan man who journeys into evil and is forced to examine the nature of evil among the human race. The Wife of Goodman Brown symbolizes the love that a wife has for her beloved husband but also the love, faith and devotion that her husband Goodman Brown has in his Christian God. An example of this symbolism is when Goodman Brown saysRead MoreThe Writings Of Nathaniel Hawthorne And Flannery O Connor1022 Words   |  5 Pagesalso have a â€Å"muse† something that influences their writing. Whether it is a personal experience, religious belief, or common morals writers derive the context within their writing from many different aspects of life. One thing most authors derive their ideas from is their religion or just any religion that interest them. Authors like Nathaniel Hawthorne and Flannery O’Connor, writings often include many allegories and symbols to religious faiths. Nathaniel Hawthorne comes from a bloodline that isRead More Puritan Depravity and Distrust in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown2245 Words   |  9 PagesPuritan Depravity and Distrust in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self-examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of Gods Grace. Because man had broken the Covenant of Works when Adam had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge, God offered a new covenant to Abrahams people which held that election to Heaven was merely a possibility.   In the Puritan religion, believers dutifully recognized the negative aspects

Brutus The Leader Essay Example For Students

Brutus The Leader Essay Brutus is the most fit character to be a leader in the entire book. Brutus is a take charge kind of person. When there is something that he does not like about the government he takes charge and does something about it. Previously to Cassius even entering Brutus had said to himself that Caesar must die. Brutus is also a very smart character. When he is talking to himself about killing Caesar he compares him to a serpent in his egg and says that he must be killed while he is still in his egg because when he hatches (or is crowned king ) he will be more dangerous. Brutus is smart enough to know hat Caesar is just putting on an act and that once he becomes king he will not be as nice as he is now. Even tough he is a smart and take charge character he also quite deceptive. He shows just how deceptive he is when he kills Caesar. Brutus was very close to Caesar and he still killed him. Brutus was the only character of the conspirators that was killed Caesar for a some what of a good reason. Brutus killed him because he thought it would be better for Rome while the others just did not want him to become more powerful than themselves. Brutus felt that the death of Caesar would be the end of the absolute rule that Caesar presently had. Brutus is a supporter of the republic government. Brutus says, â€Å" We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar / And in the spirit of men there is no blood† (II. i. 180-181). In this quote Brutus shows that everyone of the conspirators does stands against what Caesar is doing but the point of killing him is to end what he is doing not to dismember him or to kill the person Caesar but to kill what he is about. Brutus is the best character in this book to be a leader. The first reason I think that Brutus would make a good leader is that he does not want to be a king or have absolute rule he would like to have a republican government. Brutus would also be a good leader because he is not the type of person that would sit around and watch the government go bad, if he saw a problem he would try his best to fix it. Brutus would also make a good ruler because he is willing to fight for what he thinks is right. Brutus says, â€Å"Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius. † (II. i. 179). This quote shows how Brutus does not wish to kill Caesar brutally but he would rather kill him with some sort of honor. Brutus wants him to be killed in this â€Å"honorable† way because he does not want to be looked at by the plebeians as murderers but as someone who was fighting for a cause.

The Banking Concept Of Education free essay sample

The Banking Concept of Education: Destructive or Convstructive? After reading Paulo Frieres essay, The Banking Concept of Education, I have personally come to understand that his argument ultimately states that modern education is the chance for teacher or professors to deposit their knowledge into their students who submissively accept what they are taught without question. Freire believes that there is no shared knowledge between teacher and student; the path to knowledge is a one-way street. In my experiences as a student, I have encountered eachers who perfectly fit the description of Freires teachers (or oppressors as he refers to them). I have also encountered teachers who have proved to be the exact opposite of Freires description of the modern day teacher. These teachers made their classrooms an amazing environment where knowledge is shared between student and teacher, and also made the information being shared easier to retain. A difference in the way knowledge is taught helps many different student understand what type of teaching benefits them the most. We will write a custom essay sample on The Banking Concept Of Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The class that molded my positive outlook on education was my senior English lass that was taught by a brilliant teacher named . She is a young and incredibly bright young woman who graduated at the top of her class with a PhD in secondary education. She was an excellent teacher who had discussion with her class, rather than lectures. Overall, she understood that she could learn as much from her students as they could learn from her. Although Freire lists a number of qualities about The Banking Concept of Education, none of these negative qualities were found in thisclassroom. He states 10 qualities on which he bases his argument. Rather than ccepting these qualities, I believe that we should analyze each quality, interpret the quality, and find a better, more constructive alternative that would help better the students educational career, and the teachers ability to get through to the students in their classroom. The first quality on Freires list is the teacher teaches and the student is taught. This was not the case in my classroom. Every Friday, one student from the class would be assigned a certain reading, and he or she were required to interpret the reading, form questions about the reading, and get a class discussion going. My teacher Jumped in to ask a few questions or to suggest a couple different ways to interpret our reading, but she had little to do with our learning processes. She wanted to hear what we had to say and how we interpreted the reading. By forming our own opinions, questions, and discussions, we not only gained shared knowledge from everyone in the class including the teacher, but we gained self-confidence, independence, and the ability to critically think on our own. Freires argument that the students can only be taught by the teacher was proven wrong in this classroom. Another example to prove Freires fallaciousness about his first quality is my own classroom, I have noticed that my knowledge retaining develops more with having discussions with my peers; students my age with different insight on topics assigned by the teacher. By having discussions with peers, I have learned that I am able to be more open-minded, I am able to understand harder concepts, and I am able to see things from different perspectives. By being in a small group of peers, everyone has the chance to put their insight in and share their knowledge. Knowledge does not just have to come from the teacher. Freires second quality states that the teacher knows everything and the students know nothing. This statement is truer than most of Freires other qualities in The Banking Concept of Education, depending on age. As children, we start our education process very early in life. At around 5 years old, we start preschool; at which point, our general motor skills and critical thinking skills are not yet developed. The teachers are teaching us the alphabet, numbers, days of the week, and months of the year. In our younger school years, it is true that the teacher does in fact know verything, and we are learning from the teacher. At such a young age, we need guidance and rules set in place for us to prepare us for the discipline we will encounter in our later school years to come. Teachers provide both guidance and rules for us because the teachers know better than we do at such a young age. We are not yet able to carry on an intellectual conversation, or retain the amount of knowledge that we are able to right now. Children need the guidance and rules set by the teacher in order to become disciplined, educated and well prepared for their long educational career ahead of them. Freires fourth quality states that the teacher talks and the students listen-meekly. In my personal opinion, this statement could not have been anymore false; not Just for my senior English class specifically, but for most of my current classes now. Our whole class time was based around an in-depth discussion where everyone had an equal say, including the teacher. My teacher made it extremely important that we as her students would be the ones doing the talking while she listened. She would ask some guideline questions here and there, but overall, the class had group iscussions rather than a one-woman lecture.

Sample Synthesis Essay Prompt

Sample Synthesis Essay PromptAn essay synthesis is not something that should be taken lightly. It should not just be a way to prove your expertise on the topic at hand, but it should also be an opportunity for you to show that you have done your research. The synthesis essay prompt must be one that is designed to challenge you and at the same time prove that you know the subject at hand. The writer of the prompt must have this goal in mind, in order to properly formulate the essay in question.There are many different sample synthesis essay prompts to choose from when you want to write an essay on any given subject. The essay synthesis should be interesting and should be one that is relevant to the topic at hand. This essay must also be one that offers proof of what has been written previously.The sample synthesis essay prompt should not only be one that challenges you, but it should also be one that encourages you to come up with some ideas on how to tackle the assignment. The essay synthesis must contain some type of challenge that you will be able to give to yourself in regards to your ability to succeed. If you feel that you cannot succeed, then the essay should ask you to come up with a solution. You need to have that kind of prompt in order to get to the point where you can help your classmates out. You can find the samples of various types of essay prompts online, or you can even purchase sample synthesis essays that will help you in coming up with your own essay.If you have questions about what kind of essay you can write, then you can always talk to the professor in charge of teaching you about what you can expect from the essay. You can also try to find out what samples they use when they write essays. They are usually very honest in sharing this information to you, so that you will know what to expect in writing the essay.Ifyou are looking for a sample synthesis essay prompt, then you can also take a look online. Most students enjoy having the option to look at different samples in order to determine if they are even interested in taking this course in the first place.These essays are generally used in a composition class, although some may be used in an English class as well. The objective of this class is to demonstrate the student's mastery of the subject matter in the composition class. You will need to be able to communicate well in order to participate in this class.The sample synthesis essay prompt that you will be given should be one that encourages you to be able to share your knowledge. This means that you should be able to come up with a solution for the questions that you are asked about the subject at hand. The essay should be written in such a way that is easy to understand and to look at and you should be able to share your knowledge with others through this.If you are interested in this type of course in your composition class, then you should take a look at the samples that are available to you online. You will find samples that are ready to print, and you can get these on line or at a local bookstore.

The 1989 World Tour by Taylor Swift free essay sample

I didn’t think that it was possible for me to love Taylor Swift anymore, but I was proven wrong after I experienced my 1989 concert. Taylor has a beautiful way of captivating her crowd through her awe striking show. Shawn Mendes and Vance Joy opened for Swift, and I enjoyed singing along with both of them as I anticipated Taylor’s performance. When Taylor did come out, I was blown away as she began to sing the lyrics to â€Å"Welcome to New York,† with a Broadway scenery behind her to match the vibe of the song. Each person who attended the concert was given a battery powered bracelet that was programmed to flash different colors in synchronization with the all of the songs, which made her performances even more magical. As the night went on, I was completely mesmerized by Taylor’s vocals, choreography, and, of course, costume changes. She sang fifteen songs from the 1989 deluxe album, and even surprised the crowd by singing a few older songs paired with different genres of music, such as a rock version of â€Å"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together† (yes, you read that correctly, a rock version). We will write a custom essay sample on The 1989 World Tour by Taylor Swift or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Taylor ended the night with an energetic performance of â€Å"Shake it Off,† complete with fireworks, confetti, and a lot of dancing. I think that the thing I loved the most about the concert was its atmosphere. Taylor referred to us, a crowd of 55,000 people, as her â€Å"friends,† and she thanked us multiple times for spending our Saturday night with her. Whether I was screaming out Taylor’s catchy advise that â€Å"boys only want love if it’s torture,† or contemplating my existence after a mashup of her two songs â€Å"Enchanted† and â€Å"Wildest Dreams,† I felt like I was having a dance party with my best friend Taylor and 55,000 of my closest friends, rather than attending a concert to see a female celebrity with a net worth of 200 million dollars. Taylor managed to stun the world once again with an impeccable tour that perfectly corresponded with the sound and theme of her album. I can honestly say that the 1989 concert was a legendary concert that will go down in history. I just hope that one day I’ll be able to meet Taylor so I can thank her for one of the best nights of my life.

Comparative Colonization in Asia

Comparative Colonization in Asia Several different Western European powers established colonies in Asia during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Each of the imperial powers had its own style of administration, and colonial officers from the different nations also displayed various attitudes towards their imperial subjects. Great Britain The British Empire was the largest in the world prior to World War II and included a number of places in Asia. Those territories include what is now Oman, Yemen, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka (Ceylon), the Maldives, Singapore, Malaysia (Malaya), Brunei, Sarawak and North Borneo (now part of Indonesia), Papua New Guinea, and Hong Kong. The crown jewel of all of Britains overseas possessions around the world, of course, was India. British colonial officers and British colonists, in general, saw themselves as exemplars of fair play, and in theory, at least, all of the crowns subjects were supposed to be equal before the law, regardless of their race, religion, or ethnicity. Nonetheless, British colonials held themselves apart from local people more than other Europeans did, hiring locals as domestic help, but rarely intermarrying with them. In part, this may have been due to a transfer of British ideas about the separation of classes to their overseas colonies. The British took a paternalistic view of their colonial subjects, feeling a duty - the white mans burden, as Rudyard Kipling put it - to Christianize and civilize the peoples of Asia, Africa, and the New World. In Asia, the story goes, Britain built roads, railways, and governments, and acquired a national obsession with tea. This veneer of gentility and humanitarianism quickly crumbled, however, if a subjugated people rose up. Britain ruthlessly put down the Indian Revolt of 1857 and brutally tortured accused participants in Kenyas Mau Mau Rebellion (1952 - 1960). When famine struck Bengal in 1943, Winston Churchills government not only did nothing to feed Bengalis, it actually turned down food aid from the US and Canada meant for India. France Although France sought an extensive colonial empire in Asia, its defeat in the Napoleonic Wars left it with just a handful of Asian territories. Those included the 20th-century mandates of Lebanon and Syria, and more especially the key colony of French Indochina - what is now Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. French attitudes about colonial subjects were, in some ways, quite different from those of their British rivals.  Some idealistic French sought not just to dominate their colonial holdings, but to create a Greater France in which all French subjects around the world truly would be equal. For example, the North African colony of Algeria became a department, or a province, of France, complete with parliamentary representation. This difference in attitude may be due to Frances embrace of Enlightenment thinking, and to the French Revolution, which had broken down some of the class barriers that still ordered society in Britain. Nonetheless, French colonizers also felt the white mans burden of bringing so-called civilization and Christianity to barbaric subject peoples. On a personal level, French colonials were more apt than the British to marry local women and create a cultural fusion in their colonial societies.  Some French racial theorists such as Gustave Le Bon and Arthur Gobineau, however, decried this tendency as a corruption of Frenchmens innate genetic superiority. As time went on, social pressure increased for French colonials to preserve the purity of the French race. In French Indochina, unlike Algeria, the colonial rulers did not establish large settlements. French Indochina was an economic colony, meant to produce a profit for the home country. Despite the lack of settlers to protect, however, France was quick to jump into a bloody war with the Vietnamese when they resisted a French return after World War II. Today, small Catholic communities, a fondness for baguettes and croissants, and some pretty colonial architecture are all that remains of visible French influence in Southeast Asia. The Netherlands The Dutch competed and fought for control of the Indian Ocean trade routes and spice production with the British, through their respective East India Companies. In the end, the Netherlands lost Sri Lanka to the British, and in 1662, lost Taiwan (Formosa) to the Chinese, but retained control over most of the rich spice islands that now make up Indonesia. For the Dutch, this colonial enterprise was all about money. There was a very little pretense of cultural improvement or Christianization of the heathens - the Dutch wanted profits, plain and simple.  As a result, they showed no qualms about ruthlessly capturing locals and using them as slave labor on the plantations, or even carrying out a massacre of all the inhabitants of the Banda Islands to protect their monopoly on the nutmeg and mace trade. Portugal After Vasco da Gama rounded the southern end of Africa in 1497, Portugal became the first European power to gain sea access to Asia. Although the Portuguese were quick to explore and lay claim to various coastal parts of India, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, and China, its power faded in the 17th and 18th centuries, and the British, Dutch, and French were able to push Portugal out of most of its Asian claims. By the 20th century, what remained was Goa, on the southwest coast of India; East Timor; and the southern Chinese port at Macau. Although Portugal was not the most intimidating European imperial power, it had the most staying power. Goa remained Portuguese until India annexed it by force in 1961; Macau was Portuguese until 1999 when the Europeans finally handed it back to China, and East Timor or Timor-Leste formally became independent only in 2002.   Portuguese rule in Asia was by turns ruthless (as when they began capturing Chinese children to sell into slavery in Portugal), lackadaisical, and underfunded. Like the French, Portuguese colonists were not opposed to mixing with local peoples and creating creole populations. Perhaps the most important characteristic of the Portuguese imperial attitude, however, was Portugals stubbornness and refusal to withdraw, even after the other imperial powers had closed up shop. Portuguese imperialism was driven by a sincere desire to spread Catholicism and make tons of money. It was also inspired by nationalism; originally, a desire to prove the countrys might as it came out from under Moorish rule, and in later centuries, the proud insistence on holding onto the colonies as an emblem of past imperial glory.